June 10, 1977 marks the day that the first Apple II shipped.

If you click on the link above, you can spend your entire work day reading about Apple trivia. Wikipedia also has entries on the Apple II and Apple, Inc. There is a technical discussion from Byte here that contains details of the internals of the machine. As a bonus, the left side panel can be used to travel down memory lane and access similar discussions on some of the golden oldies (It ends in 1993).
A key feature of the Apple II was the 8 expansion slots which could accept peripheral cards which allowed additional hardware features.
The original machine was a technical innovation, but was strapped by a max 48K of user memory and a tape input/output system. The peripheral cards allowed an escape from these limitations. In July 1978, Apple added the Disk II sub-system which allowed two 113.75K 5.25 inch floppies to be added to the machine. The memory limitations were resolved by adding peripheral cards that added up to 128 KB of addressability for a total of 176 KB of user memory. Parallel processor cards were available that supported up to 16 MB of memory, but the cost was prohibitive for any but the wealthy or corporations.
At the time that the Apple II came out, IBM had a Personal Computer under development that used proprietary CPU, memory and support chips. This was to be based on the IBM 5100 which was being marketed for $20,000 at the time. That effort was canned with the realization that the IBM could not match the Apple II’s entry price using proprietary chips.
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